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Evaluating one car to a different is difficult.
The Issues with Comparisons
One car producer could use totally different terminology to explain kerb weight, others could not record towing capability. Payload can also be topic to variation in definitions, producers could embrace the burden of the crew, or not.
Some will embrace the burden of jacks, spare wheels and different tools within the primary car weight, others not.
Civilian autos won’t have DEFSTAN-compliant tie-down factors, weapon racks, or different fittings that add weight
Payload comparisons should take this into consideration.
On the opposite facet, the burden of apparatus included within the car’s base weight equivalent to tipping our bodies and crew consolation aids may additionally be eliminated when utilized in a navy context.
For autos with inside combustion engines, their vary could be prolonged by merely carrying extra gasoline, for battery autos, extra batteries. Vitality density and weight will usually favour inside combustion engines, and refuelling is at all times going to be quicker than recharging.
The vary of the battery could also be very depending on temperature and utilization profile.
Vary comparisons will usually be comparatively meaningless due to this.
Getting out and in of hassle within the smallest period of time potential has worth in a defence context, velocity is necessary, however for agricultural, municipal and forestry markets, it should have a decrease precedence than load-carrying potential and reliability.
This will likely be mirrored in out there car designs.
Most speeds are quoted however they’re equally meaningless except terrain is taken into account. Actual-world velocity throughout difficult terrain is an equaliser, and the place torque and grip depend for greater than velocity on a highway.
Any car comparisons should at all times include a ‘well being warning’.
However let’s do them anyway.
The Kerb Weight-to-Payload Ratio
A easy division of the 2 weights as described by the producer.
The one ones with a three-to-one ratio or higher are the Di Blasio R7 folding scooter and the Rokon Trailbreaker with a sidecar.
These two are intently adopted by typical e-bikes after which different bikes, largely above two-to-one.
This must be no shock, however it’s attention-grabbing nonetheless, two wheels, an engine and a seat is probably the most environment friendly mixture for shifting a single particular person with solely mild shops.
Between a ratio of 1.5 and 1.9 to 1 are a small group, the AVT Minerva, Caron and Goldoni agricultural carriers, and the compact forestry forwarders.
They do that by sacrificing velocity and concentrating on torque. A few of these autos may tow a heavy trailer, the Caron AR630, for instance, can carry 3 tonnes and tow 5, slowly.
Additionally on this group is the RANG-R, and it could possibly tow a superb weight as properly.
Of the extra military-oriented autos, the Unac Rider, Bale Defence RTV and Flyer 60 are all at 0.9 to 1. The Polaris MRZR languishes on the backside of this league desk, while the MRZR Alpha fashions at the least double their ratios, they’re constructed to hold higher payloads.
Of the uncrewed group, the Aardvark RANG-R and AVT Trident 35 are joint first, at 1.5 to 1, with the IDV Viking as a runner-up with lower than half that ratio. Within the relegation zone, Mission Grasp SP and Themis.
At 0.9 to 1, the Mudd-Ox XL and Supacat ATMP are the skid-steer group runners-up, with the Supacat ATMP having glorious towing capability, however the three AVT fashions lead at between 1.5 and 1.8 to 1.
Maybe surprisingly, the pickup-derived autos usually are not as excessive as one would possibly anticipate, with the Bonetti FX100 and Hako Multicar leaders within the medium-wheeled 4×4 class.
Of the tracked autos, none are above one-to-one, with the Softrak 75 and Yanmar CR30 within the high two positions.
Excluded from these comparisons are the tractors, they will weigh an amazing deal and carry nothing however the operator, they will nevertheless tow a really heavy trailer and have a PTO or hydraulic pump that enables that trailer to be pushed.
Simply to emphasize once more, these are crude one-to-one comparisons so don’t learn an excessive amount of into them you can’t evaluate an MRZR to a Yanmar-tracked tipper for many sensible defence purposes.
A Flight of 4 Helicopters
Moderately than evaluating one car in opposition to the opposite, a extra smart method can be to match car combos in opposition to a set variety of helicopters.
The baseline is not any autos, and 4 helicopters value of Marines, Paras or Rangers is to not be underestimated.
Though not strictly a constraining issue, utilizing multiples of 12 personnel may additionally make sense given latest tendencies in organisational design.
There are a lot of conditions the place Chinook and Merlin can be working collectively however for the sake of simplicity and comparisons right here, assume they aren’t.
Every of the situations beneath will embrace.
Baseline; no autos, simply individuals
Gentle and Quick; concentrate on velocity and minimal shops.
Combined; a balanced power that has a combination of personnel and shops.
Poor Terrain; no roads, mud and snow
Uncrewed solely; the longer term?
An assumption for all situations is that except the car could be carried down the centreline or is lower than 1.6m extensive, personnel will journey individually to the autos. If a car is brief in size, personnel could journey within the ‘void’ if they’ve entry to the facet doorways.
A second assumption is that any car mixture ought to present all personnel with a seat. An alternate choice could possibly be {that a} car is used to hold private tools and shops and the personnel march individually. This isn’t unreasonable because it permits these personnel to march unencumbered and maximises personnel numbers, however not used on this sequence.
Off to Belgium!
A Flight of 4 Merlin Helicopters
Baseline
The baseline of no autos is 4 a lot of 24 personnel, 96 in complete, or eight 12-person groups. This package deal can be foot-bound and unable to hold giant quantities of help weapons and sustainment shops.
Gentle and Quick
Assuming moderately good terrain, any one of many folding e-bikes or the Di Blasio R7 might probably be carried down the centreline. This would offer the baseline power with the power to maneuver roughly 100km plus in three or 4 hours.
They’d be at very mild scales on this configuration, the folding bikes of their carrying baggage would successfully displace their bergens.
If the flight of 4 helicopters had been cut up, with one used for a gaggle of twenty-four personnel solely and the opposite three used for transport, they may carry between twelve and eighteen e-bikes or bikes. A few of these must carry a pillion-passenger.
One of many extra intriguing choices for this state of affairs is the Rokon and sidecar mixture, largely as a result of the sidecar could be carried individually (stacked on high) and shortly connected when on the bottom. The sidecar can be utilized to hold an additional particular person or extra shops however it will not take up treasured flooring house in transport.
Within the load diagrams, I confirmed six per Merlin but when house for one more two could possibly be discovered by stacking or nearer stowage, and the sidecar used for a further seat, it will permit two helicopters for use for personnel. Forty-eight personnel can be in two helicopters and the opposite two, chock stuffed with Rokons.
Forty-eight personnel with 30-40kg of shops every, overlaying a distance of 100km plus in three or 4 hours.
Combined
ATVs and trailers can be the obvious alternative as a result of now we have them in service and are compact.
Two per Merlin would permit sufficient house for the 2 operators, the 4 helicopters would yield a complete of eight personnel and minimal shops. With a trailer, this could go down to 1 per helicopter and reduce the personnel quantity to 4, however with 4 to 5 hundred kg of shops.
That is fairly a poor return for 4 helicopters.
Utilizing a three-axle ATV just like the Can-Am or Reek can be one per helicopter, but it surely will increase the trailer capability while nonetheless permitting the 2 personnel to take a seat inside. The 4 helicopters would help eight personnel, and between the load mattress and trailer, over 500kg of shops.
The Fresia F-18 has a surprisingly robust exhibiting within the ATV class, with sixteen seats and three.2 tonnes of shops throughout the 4 helicopters. Their small width permits the seats on the facet to be absolutely used and the excessive payload per car quickly mounts up. They’re much slower than typical ATVs.
The comparatively quick size of the Bale RTV, Unac Rider and Kawasaki Mule might permit two per Merlin. It’s assumed that for these two, one helicopter can be used for personnel, and the opposite three for autos. These would permit for 4 seats per helicopter (accepting that some might add extra seats on the load mattress) however depart little room for trailers.
Throughout the 4 helicopters, six autos, twelve seats and the third helicopter with simply personnel half loaded.
That is the place four-seat autos just like the Polaris MRZR D4 and MRZR Alpha D4 make extra sense as a result of they return the identical variety of seats, have sufficient house for a trailer, and halve the variety of engines.
The MRZR Alpha D4 is enticing due to its much-improved load-carrying capability, while retaining the UTV width. The 4 helicopters would offer three autos, twelve seats, and a pair of.7 tonnes of shops, with house for 3 trailers.
Flyer 60 can be an analogous configuration however have higher load carry capability and provide safety choices.
Protecting beneath 1.6m extensive, the municipal and agricultural autos are usually slower and never huge on seating but when the requirement had been ‘shops heavy’ they’d invaluable.
The king of the load carriers is the Caron AR630. In a stores-only configuration, all 4 helicopters would carry one to their most payload, 4 individuals and over twelve tonnes of shops.
The Grillo and Comaca would require engineering work to exchange the cab with a folding ROPS however present seating for 2 per car, eight seats and 7 tonnes of shops, and sufficient room for a trailer.
If the leap seat choice within the Goldoni Transcar was acceptable, 4 could possibly be carried for a complete of twelve personnel and 9 tonnes of shops.
Going above 1.6m width implies that usually, exit routes and loading and unloading would possibly turn into a problem.
The Polaris Dagor, HUT-P, Falcata, and pickup vehicles such because the Hilux Double Cab and Babcock GLV would technically match, however there can be no room for personnel to be carried alongside the car or within the void house and operability is questionable.
One of many 4 helicopters would have simply personnel and the opposite three autos, the primary one touchdown personnel to offer touchdown zone safety and assist with offloading, probably at one other web site close by.
While autos just like the HUT-P, Dagor and Falcata would possibly present some benefits, the distinction between them and pickup or pickup-derived autos could be seen as not sufficient to warrant a small buy of a singular car. Relying on the commerce between load house and seating, one thing just like the Babcock GLV or Toyota Hilux might present three autos, between twenty-four seats, or twelve seats and three tonnes of shops.
This is similar because the Polaris MRZR Alpha mixture described above, besides the autos can be tougher to load and unload.
Focussing on payload once more, utilizing a car just like the Haco Multicar or Bonetti FX100 gives 4 autos, eight seats and ten to 12 tonnes of shops. Each autos would require engineering work to exchange the cab with a folding ROPS and would, just like the pickups, be more difficult to load and unload. With the smaller personnel numbers, the crew could possibly be in the identical helicopter because the car.
These two are quicker than the agricultural carriers however the payload isn’t considerably totally different, and the Goldoni gives (rudimentary) seating for the complete 12-person crew.
Poor Terrain
In poor terrain, skid steer or tracked autos would allow the required mobility.
The shorter ‘skid-steers’ such because the Argo Frontier 700XT and AVT Minerva 6×6 could possibly be loaded two per Merlin, offering six autos, twenty-four seats and 1.2 tonnes of shops. These evaluate favourably with among the autos within the earlier part but it surely illustrates the risks of evaluating like for like.
The skid steer autos typically make use of bench seating and since they have an inclination to function at decrease speeds, solely lap belts are offered. This doesn’t apply universally but it surely does present how knowledge sheet comparisons don’t inform the complete story.
Their seating house may also be used for shops as an alternative of passengers.
The bigger skid steers just like the AVT Minerva 4M, Scot Trac 2000R, Argo Conquest, Mudd Ox, Supacat ATMP and Canadensy HAWC are all spectacular autos, with the Supacat, Scot Trac and AVT all benefitting from UK provide chains and IP.
The AVT Minerva and Supacat ATMP are standouts in efficiency phrases as properly, their payload and towing capability particularly. The hydraulic export and amphibious functionality of the AVT Minerva would even be very helpful throughout a spread of duties.
These may also be fitted with monitor tyre kits, as can the side-by-sides.
To be used on snow, the 2 ski-dos present excessive speeds and the Alpina Sherpa, has extra seating and glorious towing capability. Utilizing three Merlin for car transport and the fourth for personnel, the Sherpa would offer fifteen seats and three.6 tonnes of payload, though a few of that payload can be taken up by seats so twelve personnel is a greater match.
There can be sufficient house left over within the helicopter for a ski trailer, uplifting personnel or payload carriage considerably.
For combined terrain, the opposite tracked autos could possibly be used, the Lite Trax offering the identical capability because the Ski Do ORPs, twelve seats and simply over a tonne of payload when utilizing three plus one Merlin.
If higher payload had been required, the All Monitor AT20D wins out, 4.8 tonnes, however solely six seats. Transfer to 1 car in each helicopter and this rises to eight seats and 6.4 tonnes.
With all these designs, buying and selling seats for payload capability/house might make it potential to maneuver the numbers come what may.
Uncrewed
If a very uncrewed group had been used, it’s tough to match as a result of if we’re simply measuring payload, that payload would possible be specialised, sensors or weapons, and for these, absolute capability might not be a superb indicator of efficiency.
At one every per Merlin, the Rheinmetall Mission Grasp SP gives the bottom payload at 2.4 tonnes, adopted by the IDV Viking at 3.6 tonnes. The 2 finest performers are the Canadensys RAPTOR at 4 tonnes, then the Aardvark RANG-R at 15.4 tonnes.
The RANG-R would additionally max out Merlin payload so not all of the 15.4 tonnes can be usable.
The AVT Trident sits between the RANG-R and the remainder of the pack, however it’s nonetheless in growth.
A Flight of 4 Chinook Helicopters
Chinook doubles the payload of Merlin and has a bigger cargo bay however this doesn’t mechanically translate into double Merlin capacities.
Baseline
Seating in Chinook is variable, with many potential overload situations. For the sake of this text, the idea is 33 per helicopter, a complete of 132 personnel, or 11 twelve-person groups.
Gentle and Quick
As with Merlin, carry folded e-bikes or scooters down the centre of the helicopter and the baseline numbers are the identical, however with further mobility on agency surfaces.
Cue the Benny Hill music!
With bigger bikes just like the Enduro sort, and assuming they’d be carried in three of the 4 helicopters, 18 could possibly be carried. With one particular person per bike, the personnel quantity reduces to eighteen but when using with pillion passengers is appropriate, this could rise to thirty-six, barely increased than the thirty-three carried within the fourth helicopter.
Utilizing the identical Rokon and sidecar technique as with Merlin, utilizing two Chinooks for the bikes and two for personnel, the ultimate depend can be twenty-two bikes and sidecars, offering seating for 66 personnel and their shops, cut up throughout the remaining two Chinook within the flight, or barely rounding down to 5 twelve-person groups.
Combined
As with Merlin, quad ATVs and trailers don’t scale properly with Chinook, with 4 per helicopter the whole can be 16 autos, 16 personnel, and three.3 tonnes of shops. Additionally it is possible that 4 wouldn’t be carried as a result of the fourth would block the facet doorways.
With three per Chinook, it goes all the way down to 12 autos, 12 seats, and a pair of.5 tonnes of shops, fairly a poor providing.
The three-axle ATVs from Reeq and Can-Am can be two per Chinook, 16 seats and a pair of.5 tonnes of shops.
One of many standouts from the Merlin part was the Fresia F-18 additionally does properly with Chinook. 4 could possibly be carried per helicopter, so 16 autos, 32 seats, and 6.4 tonnes of shops.
The Gibbs Terraquad would end in 8 autos, 16 seats and 4.4 tonnes of shops, and it’s amphibious.
With a car just like the Bobcat UV34XL, two would slot in a Chinok however there can be no room in any respect for personnel seating, leading to a three-plus-one association. This may consequence within the 4 Chinook helicopters with the ability to carry six autos, 36 seats and three.4 tonnes of shops.
The others within the UTV class, assuming one of many helicopters is used for personnel aside from the shorter fashions just like the MRZR that permit two per helicopter with sufficient house for 4-6 personnel. The shorter UTVs just like the Bale RTV and Unac Rider scale much less properly with Chinook, significantly better are the MRZR D4 and MRZR Alpha D4.
Each would offer two autos per Chinook, twenty-four seats and 1.4 tonnes of payload for the MRZR and twenty-four seats and 5.4 tonnes of payload for the Alpha, becoming neatly with having two 12-person groups.
The Flyer ups the payload to 9.6 tonnes and gives entry to a variety of variants and payload choices.
With a concentrate on payloads, the Caron AR630 and Goldoni Transcar are excellent, the previous offering eight seats and 26 tonnes of payload, with the latter dropping to 19 tonnes however offering primary seating for 24.
Transferring into the 1.6m extensive plus class is similar story of marginal features for specialist autos in comparison with common service autos as for Merlin.
These are barely simpler to load and unload than Merlin however even specialist autos just like the Dagor or ISV don’t present a big distinction from a Hilux or one thing just like the Babcock GLV.
Poor Terrain
For the skid steers and tracked autos, once more, the story is an analogous one to Merlin.
The shorter ones can be utilized to maximise bench seating capability however the AVT Minerva and Supacat ATMP have the most effective mixture of seating, payload, and towing capability, matched to the seating capability of the fourth Chinook. These
For deep snow, the Alipina Sherpa once more appears to supply the most effective combine, with 30 seats and 5 tonnes.
Trailers – Shops
Most of the autos are too lengthy for 2 in both of the helicopters however quick sufficient for one to create an honest quantity of void house.
This void can in some circumstances be utilized by a small variety of personnel however the place cumbersome shops are required, utilizing a trailer can present the house.
Automobile mobility will typically be diminished, it’s a trade-off, however one which could be accepted for easy A-B strikes.
A few of the autos within the earlier posts can tow a big weight. A gaggle that’s between 2.0 tonnes and three.5 tonnes (aligned with laws) consists of the Supacat ATMP, Scottrac 2000R, AVT Minerva, Bonetti FX100, Hako Multicar and pickup truck-derived autos.
The Caron can tow as much as 5.6 tonnes, no surprises there then!
A few the uncrewed autos may tow a big weight, the Canadensys RAPTOR at 2 tonnes and the RANG-R at 3.5 tonnes.
Trailer weight will depend upon dimension, development strategies, the variety of wheels or tracks, and whether or not extra options like axle drives are used.
Maybe the 2 best benefits of trailers are their low value and the easy truth they are often made to swimsuit precisely the scale required.
There isn’t a want to evolve to any current mannequin dimensions, bespoke design is completely possible.
Some examples are proven beneath that assume normal autos are used, not single-seat tractor items with no load mattress or seating past the operator.
Merlin
Chinook
Trailers – Individuals
The picture beneath exhibits 4 totally different autos with a personnel trailer. It’s nonetheless assumed that personnel are carried within the fourth helicopter and the trailer can be utterly non-tactical, solely used for minimal-risk strikes.
These are 4 random autos from the record.
Can Outlander: 3 autos, 24 seats, 0.9 tonnes of shops.
Polaris MRZR Alpha D2: 3 autos, 24 seats, 1.9 tonnes of shops.
Grillo PK1400D: 3 autos, 24 seats, 5.3 tonnes of shops.
Aardvark RANG-R: 3 autos, 24 seats, 11.55 tonnes of shops.
With the RANG-R, the real-world payload can be barely decrease on account of single Merlin limits.
This implies the fourth Merlin is used only for personnel.
Taking the identical method with Chinook, additionally assuming three helicopters for autos/trailers and the opposite for personnel.
One other 4 autos from the record.
Babcock GLV: 3 autos, 54 seats, minimal house for shops.
Bonetti FX100: 3 autos, 54 seats, 8.4 tonnes of shops.
Polaris Alpha D2: 6 autos, 30 seats, 3.8 tonnes of shops.
Aardvark RANG-R: 6 autos, 24 seats, 23.1 tonnes of shops.
The primary two would exceed the seating capability of the ‘personnel solely Chinook’.
These combos might not be potential, and even smart, however they illustrate the potential of trailers to broaden capability.
With trailers, the essential forex of individuals and shops is joined by specialist payloads.
Abstract
Every of the autos within the sequence is a mixture of dimension, kerb weight, payload house, payload weight, seating, mobility, and plenty of different components.
This complicates any direct comparability so any evaluation should at all times come again to the comparative precedence the consumer ascribes to every of these traits.
Nevertheless, some common observations could be made.
If the requirement is to maneuver the biggest dimension group potential over the best distance and within the shortest potential time, two wheels are the reply.
So long as one accepts minimal private tools and limitations on mobility.
Quad ATVs are a poor alternative.
The Fresia F-18 is remarkably succesful and appropriate with the constraining dimensions of Chinook and Merlin, regardless of its age.
If you wish to shift weight and quantity, look to agricultural markets and tools, particularly Italian, nothing comes shut.
Protecting car width beneath 1.6m gives a bonus in operability however reduces alternative, particularly for prime mobility in poor situations.
Excessive mobility favours the three and four-axle skid ‘steer sort’ autos, particularly these that may be fitted with tracks over the tyres.
Probably the most able to these are British, Supacat, Scot Trac, and AVT, all benefitting from UK and European provide chains, not US or Canadian.
Greater speeds over deeper snow favour snowmobiles, however their dimensional compatibility with helicopters is poor and except sled-type trailers are used (particularly with the Alpina Sherpa), capability is restricted.
Go over 1.6m and specialist autos have minimal benefits over the pickup and pickup-truck-derived autos, besides these within the agricultural and municipal markets, once more.
Threat acceptance, requirements compliance and the definition of what constitutes a ‘seat’ will affect any scoring or comparability.
Settle for the restrictions of trailers, and numbers can change considerably, settle for personnel and trailers, and the numbers change much more considerably.
What works for Merlin doesn’t essentially work for Chinook, though typically they do.
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